Posted on February 16, 2010.
Advance Cytology: a tool for patient care Title: Advance Cytology: A tool for patient care
Author (s): Yogesh Murti, Vijay Sharma, Sameer Rastogi and Deepa Pathak
Address: Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy,
NH # 2, Delhi-Mathura Bye-Pass, PO Chhatikara, Mathura-281 001
India
Mobile: 09412627553
E-mail: ymurti@rediffmail.com
Introduction
Cytology word is derived from Greek words meaning kytos hollow container and logos meaning discourse, cytology and literally the study of hollow vessels or the study of cells. Since Robert Hooke first established that organisms are composed of individual cells. The cells are examined in cytological samples usually come from epithelial, or epithelial tissues, as, and are simply obtained as the epithelium exfoliates. These cells can be naturally exfoliated as in sputum or urine, or mechanically obtained by brushing or scraping, or by the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA). Cytological specimens are usually divided into gynecologic and non gynecologic specimens. The former are many women in screening programs of the cervix, the latter generally being diagnostic samples from patients with suspected disease, provide a cytological diagnosis.
Automation in cytology
Despite the immense interest in the development of several computer technologies in recent years, the role of automation in cytology has remained controversial. The potential of these technologies in reducing false negative Pap smears is well recognized. However, it is still remarkable that the confusion of how to integrate automation into the practice of cytology. This prompted the Working Group on New Technologies Society of Cytopathology George Papanicolaou to design a survey to solicit opinions from those involved in cervical cytology screening on the value of automation in cytology. In 1996, a survey of ten questions was sent to 1800 surgical pathology laboratories across the country. The response rate was 23% (416/1800). The speakers represented different laboratories for those with less than 5,000 Pap smears for those with more than 100,000 cases per year. The majority of respondents do not believe that automation is essential for cervicovaginal cytology. This was evidenced by the fact that only 12% of laboratories have been engaged in automated cytology and primarily used for quality control measures. The inability of small laboratories to absorb the additional costs through the integration of automated cytology in their practice, especially in the current context of managed care is a major concern. He was also concerned about the risk of compromising patient care by the drive for corporate profits and spreading false information to the public and physicians. Suggestions most frequently proposed included appropriate patient and physician education about the benefits and pitfalls of cervical smear test, and endorsing an affordable universal testing partnership with Pap cytology laboratories addition, the creation of cytology consortia with shared resources to provide regionalized automated rescreening also strongly suggested. This survey clearly indicates the need for further evaluation of automation in cytopathology and attention to various issues surrounding cervical cytology screening1.
Advances in Cytology
Recent advances in bladder cancer
transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many tumor markers have been evaluated for the detection and monitoring of the disease in serum, bladder washes, and urine samples. However, none of these BioMark.
