Posted on March 5, 2010.
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What is ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer occurs when a tumor forms in one or both ovaries of a woman. The ovaries are a pair of small organs that produce eggs and egg output, or humans. The ovaries also produce important hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. They are located in the lower abdomen (pelvis), on each side of the uterus (womb). The eggs released by the ovaries travel through the fallopian tubes toward the uterus, where they may or may not be fertilized by sperm. Cancerous tumors are malignant. This means they spread to other tissues and organs. Not all tumors are malignant, however. In a process called metastasis, malignant tumors may encroach on and invade neighboring organs or lymph nodes or they can enter the bloodstream and spread to distant organs such as liver or lungs. metastatic tumors are more aggressive and serious of all tumors.
The symptoms of ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is difficult to diagnose because symptoms often do not occur until late in the disease. The symptoms do not occur until the tumor has grown large enough to put pressure on other organs of the abdomen or until the cancer has spread to distant organs. The only early symptom of the disease is menstrual irregularity. Symptoms that come later are the following:
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Pain during sex
- Abdominal swelling and bloating
- urination
- Constipation
- Ascites - accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, which contributes to abdominal distention and shortness of breath
- Loss of appetite
- Feeling full after eating little
- Gas and / or diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- The menstrual abnormalities, pubertal development, and abnormal hair growth (with tumors that secrete hormones)
The treatment options for ovarian cancer
Surgery is the usual first treatment for ovarian cancer. Whenever possible, the surgery takes place at the time of exploratory laparotomy. The operation is paused while the pathologist comments quickly tissue biopsy. The coroner's report determined the structures affected by cancer and whether they should be removed. This spares the woman to undergo another surgery.
- For stage I tumors, ovarian cancer and the cause of the fallopian tubes can be removed for women who wish to become pregnant in the future. For women who do not wish to become pregnant, two ovaries, both fallopian tubes and uterus are removed. It is a hysterectomy with bilateral (two-sided) salpingo-oophorectomy. Usually, this procedure removes the lymph nodes surrounding these organs and the omentum. If the type of tumor cell is of particular concern (grade 3 tumors and all stage IC tumors), chemotherapy is usually administered as well.
- Stage II cancer involves removal of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, resection (partial amo.