Pap Virus :: Healthcare Topic

Pap Smears

Each year, tens of thousands of young women should think about whether they should begin to have their Pap smear. What is this smear, how is it done and is it really necessary now that the girls have vaccinations against HPV in schools?

But first some basic facts:

A Pap test is done when a nurse or doctor samples of cells of the cervix uteri. This is the lowest part of the uterus and is available for sampling through the vagina.

Cancer of the cervix has fallen from being the 8th to the 18th most common cancer among women since the introduction of the program Pap smear register. These cancers often take several years to develop and are therefore highly susceptible to early diagnosis and management.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered one of the main triggers of this form of cancer. There are over 100 different types of HPV infections, but only few are considered the main instigators of this form of cancer. The vaccine Gardisil, recently introduced in the vaccination program for young women, the targets of these particular virus.

HPV is very common in the community, but that virus infections are not a notifiable disease, we have no precise statistics, but according to information from the Mayo Clinic in the U.S., more citizens of the United States 25 million are infected with the virus.

Who should have a Pap test?

Local experts, national and international differ on when and how often smears should be performed. So here's my guide when and how often:

Beginning in the 12 months after the onset of sexual activity and each year until you have had two negative Paps - then you can have them every 2 years.

If you change your sexual partner, return to annual testing until you have had two negative annual tests again. The partners greater the risk of infection.

If there was no sexual activity, then start at 21.

In a monogamous relationship, Pap smears can be performed safely every two years.

There are no clear guidelines on when to stop, some suggested after the age of 70 years, about 65. My suggestion is to discuss with your doctor.

You can stop safely if you have had a total hysterectomy for a noncancerous condition, such as the cervix has been removed with the uterus.

What the results mean?

A normal test indicates that there were no abnormal cells detected and it is 95% certain that there is no cancer. A positive test does not mean you've got cancer, it means you have abnormal cells and it is wise to look more closely at your cervix and other tests.

In other words, here in WA, you should see a specialist in this field who will review your findings and propose a colposcopy and biopsy. A colposcope is an instrument that allows the specialist to get closer to the uterus and enlarge it for a much more detailed inspection. All suspicious areas can then be biopsied for laboratory examination.

How can we reduce the risk of developing problems with the cervix?

Being in a monogamous relationship.

Reduce the number of sexual partners.

Using a latex condom can reduce the transmission of most, but not all HPV infections.

Talk about getting vaccinated against HPV infection before the infection you are!

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Posted on September 8, 2011

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